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Some Loan Considerations

Interest rates vary - Interest rates vary from one type of loan to another and from lender to lender. Generally, you want to pay the least amount of interest possible. However, you may have to pay for a lower interest rate. You may find that one mortgage has a higher interest rate, but does not require you to pay points or closing costs.

  

Another mortgage may have a low rate, but a 15-year repayment term, rather than a 30-year repayment term. Be careful not to sacrifice important features merely to lock in a better interest rate.

Interest rate may be fixed or adjustable Generally, when you apply for a loan, the interest rate will be either fixed or adjustable. A fixed interest rate stays the same throughout the life of the loan. It is predictable, but if interest rates drop in the market, you will be locked into the higher fixed rate unless you refinance to obtain a lower rate.

Adjustable rate loans are usually tied to an index. They follow the market. They are less predictable, but if interest rates in the market drop, you will benefit from a decrease in your interest rate.

 

Some loans require a down payment

Some types of loans require a down payment. Typically, secured loans, such as mortgages and auto loans, require a down payment (or trade-in).

If you have no money to put down on the purchase and cannot wait to save up the money, you may need to seek other sources of financing or find a way of funding the down payment. Depending on the circumstances, this may cost you more in the long run.

Repayment terms vary

If you can't afford the monthly payment, you can't afford the loan. Most frequently, your monthly payment will be constant, or nearly constant, with only minor changes if you have an adjustable rate loan. However, some loans are designed with creative repayment terms.

Under some loan arrangements, you pay less per month in the beginning and more per month later in the life of the loan. Under other plans, you may have low monthly payments with a large lump-sum payment, or balloon payment, at the end of the loan term. Some plans allow for deferments during times of unemployment or disability. You need to look for a repayment plan that suits your needs.

Caution: Some loans have prepayment penalties. This means that you are actually penalized for paying the loan off early. Before signing a note with prepayment penalties, be certain you are planning to pay it off according to the repayment schedule.

A loan may or may not have revolving features Some loans have a revolving feature. Under the terms of most traditional loans, you borrow a fixed amount of money and pay it off in fixed monthly installments over a fixed period of time. In contrast, when you borrow on a revolving basis, an account is established and a borrowing limit is set. You can take an advance at any time, in any amount, as you need it, as long as your total borrowing does not exceed the established borrowing limit. You make a minimum monthly payment that varies depending upon the amount of your outstanding principal balance. As you pay down the balance, you can borrow up to the limit again. Major credit cards, home equity lines of credit, and personal lines of credit are examples of revolving loans.Generally, revolving loans are convenient and flexible. If you are a disciplined borrower, a revolving loan may be the perfect choice for you. However, a revolving loan can cause problems for the undisciplined borrower. If you are tempted into making no more than the minimum monthly payment on your revolving account, it can take you an unreasonable amount of time to pay off the balance. The longer the balance is outstanding, the more interest you pay.

A loan may or may not be government backed

Some loan programs are insured or guaranteed by governmental or semigovernmental agencies. Government guaranteed federal student loans, Veterans Administration (VA) mortgages, and Federal Housing Authority (FHA) home improvement loans and mortgages are examples. Generally, these types of loans have favorable terms and low interest rates. They often have attractive forbearance policies. If you qualify, these are typically your best bets for borrowing

Various other features may be important to you

In addition to the major features discussed, there are many less obvious features that may distinguish one loan from another. For example, when shopping for a mortgage loan, you will encounter issues regarding prepayment penalties, closing costs, buy-downs, private mortgage insurance (PMI), and more. Any or all of these issues may be important to you in your particular situation. Read the fine print, ask the loan officer questions, and give yourself time to make your decision.